Introduction To The Worlds Oceans 10th Edition Pdf
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Ships have been used as some of the most important tools in the battle between man and nature. Ships have brought troops and weapons from one corner of the globe to another. They have provided the means to transport scientific expeditions to the extremities of the world. In carrying people from distant places, they have taken them to new lands and new lives. They have been the means to spread the ideas of democracy and freedom to other lands. Many of these great ships of the sea paved the way to discovery. Ships are the most commonly used method of transportation on the world's oceans. Ships have a profound effect on the world's oceans. They travel long distances, they are large so as to carry a large quantity of cargo and their maneuverability is vital for the safe and efficient transportation of the many millions of tons of goods and passengers carried during a year. The first ships were nothing more than the raft of logs or masts from the shipyard pulled in the water by a long line called a cable. The masts and cordage were shaped into a safe shape for the crew to glide in. They were enlarged to include sails as a way of getting up get higher wind speed. Later they were started towing it once it was out of the skip, which eventually would be pulled ashore to be fixed on the beach. Another development was for the first time of two masts, which was called the twin-hulled vessel. The difference between the two masts was that the upper one was more stable and the lower one could be raised by one person to get heavier wind. A cabin was attached at the top of this sail. The second and third change was the extensive use of iron and wood to make it into a large vessel. The shipyard used the ocean and its winds to provide power to make the new sails. Enormous cables were used to drag it across the shipyard. When it was steerable on the end of the cable, it was hauled out to the sea by shipbuilders. These were called topsail vessels and this one later led to the first iron-hulled steamship. d2c66b5586